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The Amount of Negotiation in Reactive Focus on Form in Vocabulary Acquisition

1113-1123Full Text

Parviz Maftoon and Bahram Bagheri*

Abstract
The interactional strategies of negotiation and reactive focus on form (FoF) have gained considerable attention in second language research. However, the combination of negotiation and reactive FoF has not been examined with regard to L2 vocabulary learning. To address this gap, the present study investigated how the amount of negotiation and reactive FoF affected learners’ vocabulary knowledge development. The participants were 100 adult learners of English, assigned to three experimental groups and one control group. The three experimental groups investigated three categories of no negotiation, limited negotiation, and extended negotiation in reactive FoF. A pretest-posttest design was employed in order to detect any improvement in the participants’ vocabulary knowledge components, consisting of collocations, synonyms, derivation, and hyponymy. The results revealed that (a) participants’ vocabulary knowledge significantly improved in the experimental groups, (b) extended negotiation was significantly superior to limited negotiation, and limited negotiation was significantly superior to no negotiation in reactive FoF, and (c) derivation was the least affected vocabulary component by the treatment.

The Effect of Gender on Language Learning

1124-1128Full Text

Masoud Zoghi, Seyyed Ali Kazemi* and Ali Kalani

Abstract
This study aims to examine the effect of gender on English as a foreign language (EFL) achievement test at the end of RUN2 (Young adults) at ILI (Iran language institute in 2013). In other words, the aim of this study was to determine whether students’ gender can affect learning English as a foreign language or not. Participants of the study were 100 guidance school students (50 males and 50 females) selected from four different classes. The employed procedures were quantitative methods of analysis and making use of descriptive analysis, pair t-test, and the effect size. The results indicated that EFL learning is to some extent related to gender and it has a significant effect on the achievement test. The results of this study help instructors to select their instructional strategies more effectively related to gender of students.

International Curricula; the Case of Sexism in ELT Textbooks

1129-1133Full Text

Seyyed Ali Kazemi*, Nader Asadi Aidinlu and Mohammad Reza Hasannejad

Abstract
This study was an attempt to examine the status of sexism in the Interchange textbooks. To do so, two types of analysis were performed to examine the manifestations of sexist attitudes and values in four textbooks. First, a systematic quantitative content analysis was carried out with reference to sex visibility and female/male topic presentation in conversations, reading passages, and illustrations. Secondly, a qualitative inquiry was made into sex-linked job possibilities, sex-based activity types, stereotyped sex roles, firstness, and masculine generic conception. Results revealed that these textbooks turn to be sexist in terms of invisibility of men. This can be a step forward in material preparation to consider women as first-class citizens. Meanwhile, in Islamic countries, it can be considered as an instrumental look at women to make these books more attractive and popular. Interestingly, these books cannot be considered sexist in terms of stereotyping a particular sex.

Morphological and Phylogenetic Studies of Fusarium species in Iran

1134-1142Full Text

M. Darvishnia

Abstract
From 1200 isolates of Fusarium which from different plant organs gramineous plant including crown, root, stem and spike on conventional PDA and specific Nash & Snyder media were obtained, 35 species of Fusarium, were identified based on morphological characteristics. From isolates obtained 30 isolates selected as representative molecular studies were reviewed. The results of this study showed, isolates in seven phylogenetic groups (clades) were used. Isolates of F. nygamai, F. pseudonygamai, F. proliferatum var. proliferatum, F. proliferatum var. minus and F. fujikuroi isolates formed a monophyletic group, F. solani, F. tricinctum, and F. sporotrichioides , F. pallidoroseum, F. semitectum and Fusarium sp. every one constituted into another monophyletic groups. As predictable is based on morphological characteristics of isolates of F. nygamai were two Liseola and Elegans sections.

RHEOLOGY OF GMELINA AND RUBBER SEEDS OIL LUBRICANTS

1143-1149Full Text

Oseni M.I, Ette A.O and Nnuka E.E

Abstract
Rheological behavior of gmelina (Gmelina arborae) and rubber (Hevea brasilienses) seed oil was investigated. Oil samples were generated from gmelina and rubber seeds. Dynamic viscosity of the oil samples was measured using Baird Brookfield rotational viscometer at different shear rates and temperatures. Rheological properties were obtained by transforming the viscosity values obtained using the formalized equations of state for oil lubricants. Results obtained showed that the oil samples were shear rate thickening and dilatant fluids; a common feature of oil lubricants of mineral oil origin. Gmelina and rubber seed oil can be used as alternative lubricants in light engineering applications and may also be upgraded for normal engineering applications.

A Study of Market Orientation and Its Effect on Small to Medium Sized Enterprises of Informatics Industry Located in Tehran

1150-1159Full Text

Ali Maleki* ,Azarnoosh Ansari and Ali Safari

Abstract
Market orientation is sometimes defined as a Practical Approach to Marketing that could be used as a source of sustainable competitive advantage. The purpose of this recent study is to perusemarketing and its effect on the three dimensional performance of active Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Informatics industry located in Tehran city. The research method is a descriptive – survey, depending on the practical purpose and nature of the subject. The statistical population consists of the CEOs or the marketing managers of active Small and medium Enterprises (SMEs) in the Informatics industry located in Tehran which are members of high council of informatics and have a license in three fields of production and Supporting Customer Order Management Application, providing and supporting software packages along with the basic software, and providing systems and tools. In addition they all have less than 50 employees and their corporation has been established for at least 3 years. The sample size was calculated through Cochran formula and sampling was done randomly and in accordance to the size. Data gathering tools were questionnaires that its stability was specified using Cronbach alpha 76/0. The Justifiability of the questioners was confirmed through Factor Analysis. 160 questionnaires were distributed among the companies which were in the population and %93 of them were filled and sent back to us for analyzing. In this article the section regarding analysis and statistical tests, in order to determine the Demographic characteristics if the population, was performed through Descriptive statistics. Structural Equation along with AMOS20 and SPSS19 applications were used to test Research hypotheses and the relationship between variables. In the studied model, the value of Fitting indices (RMSEA=0.025 and GFI= 0.953) shows the model is acceptable. In the final results, all three hypotheses were confirmed.

Effect of different soil pHs and potassium concentrations on quantitative and qualitative characteristics of Tomato fruit (Lycopersicom esculentum c.v Calji)

1160-1164Full Text

Masome hozhabryan and sepideh kazemi*

Abstract
Effects of soil pH on adsorption include pH of 6.7 and 8 Nsrptasym on growth and yield of tomato plants scientific name Lycopersicon esculentum L. Khaki culture were evaluated. The experimental design was completely randomized with three replications. Nsrptasym at three levels, 40 and 80 mg per kg of soil was used. Potassium nitrate was used as. To provide 200 mg of urea nitrogen was applied evenly to the plants. Factors measured include: Number of flowers, number of fruits per plant fresh weight, total acid, Miran TSS, vitamin C, and the number of days taken to flowering plants is chlorophyll. Experimental results showed that the highest number of goals in potassium levels was observed at pH 6 and at pH 8 and the lowest score was observed in the levels of potassium. The maximum number of levels in fruit pH 6 and 40 milligrams of potassium per kg of soil was And the lowest number of fruit pH 8 at 40 mg per kg of soil potassium was observed. Chlorophyll maximum at pH 8 at 40 milligrams of potassium per kilogram of soil was Syzynh at the lowest pH 6 at 40 mg per kg of soil potassium was observed.

Effect of IBA on rooting cuttings of carnation flowers(Caryophillium aromaticus) in three environmentsVarious acidic

1165-1169Full Text

Maryam ghofrani*, Abdolkarim ejraei and Abdolhossein abotalebi

Abstract
Carnation is the scientific name Caryophillium aromaticus the family Caryophyllaceae. It is native to the islands of Indonesia and the Pacific and because there's a certain beauty in most parts of the world are grown as ornamental trees. In this study, the effect of the hormone concentrations of indole butyric acid (IBA) on the rooting of cuttings of carnation flowers In chemical environment with pH=6, were evaluated. Therefore, concentrations of zero (control), 200, 400, 600 and 800 ppm of IBA in the three media types with pH=6 of organic acid called citric acid, sulfuric acid and acetic acid were used. Cuttings for 8 h in medium containing various concentrations of auxin were then cultured mixture of sand and peat moss that had been transferred. Seventy-five days after planting cuttings include root traits and shoot dry weight, root number and root number of rooted cuttings were measured. Statistical design applied in this study was a completely randomized design with 15 treatments and three replications. Based on the results of the sulfuric acid concentration of 400 ppm IBA rooting cuttings in the best of grenadine.

Mathematical modeling for controlled drug release of Erythromycin dental implants

1170-1173Full Text

A. Salehi* and F. Borji peydeh

Abstract
If we doing a controlled drug therapy in dental treat ment reduced the risk of damage too ther tissues and adverse drug treatment be comes less and cost sare minimized. In this study, the method of making dental implants by Solvent casting method sare described and release time of erythromycin was determined also mathematical models are formulated and analytical solution sare present edin the controlled release drug erythromycin. this modeling is effective in the prediction of suitable dosages for drugs without additional experimental of testing.

Unusual incomes and returns of stock in capital market

1174-1177Full Text

Leila Lak

Abstract
This study examines the effects of unusual and extraordinary incomes and returns of stock in capital market, in this study firstly we describe the topic and then express factors that reduce these factors. Finally, two theories on this topic are studied and then we conclude.

Passive solar building design

1178-1188Full Text

Javad Sadeghsaberi, Sana Zarei, Shahab-o-din Hemmati and Mohsen.Kameli*

Abstract
One of the important issue's today's scientific worlds is the topic of sustainable development and sustainable architecture which is followed. Without doubt, unsustainable consumption of nonrenewable natural resources like fossil fuels, the Environment will be at risk in the near future. While, the building sector accounts more than a third of energy. There fore reduce the amount of energy in Buildings causes toward sustainable development which consistent with the needs of today's generation which put future generation at risk. One of the painters of sustainability in architecture is the use of natural energy and fossil energy consumption and minimum natural environmental conditions and climate so solar building designs which is a step towards its achieving .In this article , has been expressed the important factors in solar buildings design. These factors are included external factors and internal factors. More owner implementation strategies in the design to same energy in buildings also will be presented.

Surveying selection principles and method of organizing content of university curriculum based on public aspects of information and communication technology or (ICT)

1089-1200Full Text

Zainab Faraji Geliane and Faramarz Malekian*

Abstract
The present study aimed to study the principles of selecting and organizing the academic content of the curriculum based on general aspects of information and communication technology (in term of experts’ viewpoints). Research methodology was applied regarding it’s’ purpose and descriptivecollective in terms of nature of work. The statistical population of current study consists of all faculty members of curriculum fields, educational technologist and e-learning specialists at the University of Tehran, which based on Cochrane formula, 58 individuals were considered as a statistical samples and they were chosen based on combination of cluster, random and stratified methods. Collection tool of questionnaire’s data is researcher-made that includes general information and closed section of 49 questions which based on Likert spectrum, that is designed in 5 answers choices that represent the level of application of information and communication technology in selection practices and organizing content based on experts’ viewpoints. Validity of the questionnaire gained using Cronbach's alpha coefficient, equals to 0/769 percent. Findings of the research suggest that in each 12 components, the average of the participants’ responses were too high and the third component with the average of 54 /82 and the ninth component with average of 1.7 have the most and least application respectively and variance analysis test results showed that between the application of the selection principles and curriculum organizing content there is significant differences regarding information and communication technology (ICT) in 12 components of the test.

Resurrection from the View Point of As-Sahifat Al-Sajjadiyya, the Holy Qur'an and Muslim Scholars

1201-1209Full Text

A.Tayebi* and Ahmad H. Fallahi

Abstract
In this paper, we have tried to mention reasons for the need to the resurrection according the first two chapters of valuable book of As-Sahifat Al-Sajjadiyya, and then discuss the matters of spiritual and bodily resurrection as "Types of Resurrection", while, in each chapter, the views of the Quran and opinions of Muslim scholars have also briefly pointed out. The main purpose of this paper is to show that in light of the luminous words of Imam Sajjad (PBUH) in the form of prayers, in addition to excellent educational and ethical implications, profound ideological content and also could be inferred.

Land use planning of Kiyan forest reserve for Strategic Management

1210-1215Full Text

Vahed kiyani*, Maryam Zareh and Esmaeil Rostami

Abstract
History has shown that power, influence, and cultural life of civilization societies during their evolution have been created by the existence of forests and natural reserves. Conservation and management of these resources is essential in the Iran which is considered as one of the most arid regions of the world and also in terms of biodiversity have the potential too. The study area (kiyan forest reserve) located in 12 kilometers of the Nahavand city whit southwest. In this study entitled "Land use planning of Kiyan forest reserve for Strategic Management" first has done Land use planning with ecological models and finally, using SWOT model was proposed guidelines for strategic management in the region. The results land use planning of Kiyan forest reserve as a homogeneous management zone indicated which best option is protection (National Natural Monument) and the second option is Tourism (recreation outdoor); In respectively: National Natural Monument>>>Tourism>>Forestry>Grassland management. Therefore proffered this region converted to National Natural Monument from view point of management level.

Product of Hall -subgroups

1216-1219Full Text

B. Razzaghmaneshi

Abstract
There is no abstract!

Allelopathic Effect of Water Extract of Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) on Germination and Chlorophyll Content of Maize

1220-1223Full Text

H. Najafi Navaey*, H. Gholami Tilebeni, M. Ghaderi far and M. Sanei

Abstract
Liquorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra) aqueous leaf extract, were tested for their allelopathic effects on seed germination and radicle length of Maize. Allelopathic effect of leaf extract of different concentrations (0, 25%, 50%, 75% and 100%) of Glycyrrhiza glabra and Experiment was CRBD design with 3 replicate in Bahonar University, Kerman, Iran in 2012 year. The experiment was conducted in Petri dishes and plastic pot. for seed germination, radical length, shoot length, plant height, Dry weight and chlorophyll. The results showed that the Seed germination and plant growth delayed at the higher concentrations, and the final germination percentage was decreased by increasing leaf extract concentration. Hence, it could be concluded that the mesquite leaf aqueous extract contain water-soluble allelochemicals.

Romantic Nature in the Poetry of Simin Behbahani (With a study of the Collection of Poems "A Line of Speed and Fire")

1224-1227Full Text

kobra nodehi1* and Masoomeh pichack

Abstract
Romanticism is one of the most complicated literary movements in our contemporary world which has its origins in European countries and its true starting place in Germany. Among the distinct features of this movement are the centrality of feelings, emotion and imagination in literary works and it has impressed many poets and writers so far. Thereby, it has also left its mark on contemporary Persian literature, in a way that we could introduce Simin Behbahani as one of the most prominent iconic figures of this movement in Iran. The romanticism employed in the poetry of Simin Behbahani in her collection of poems "A Line of Speed and Fire", could be divided into two individual and social spheres. In this article, the former has been analyzed.

Identification of some streptococcus species isolated from rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus msykiss) in Iran by using molecular method

1228-1233Full Text

Pourgholam R*, Laluei F, Saeedi AA, Taghavi MJ, Safari R and Zahedi A

Abstract
The syndrome of streptococcosis has been associated with outbreaks in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and caused significant economic losses in the aquaculture industry in Iran in recent years. The main purpose of this work was molecular identification of some streptococcus species in rainbow trout. A total of 485 samples were collected from the head kidney of diseased fish (weight, 50_200g) in four provinces of Iran, during 2011 to 2012. DNA extraction was carried out from a single colony by using the extraction promega kit following the conditions described by the supplier. The PCR assay was developed based on the 16S rRNA and glucose kinase genes of Streptococcus spp. Consequently, four streptococcus species have been identified, including S. iniae in Fars province, S. agalactiae in Gilan province, S. dysgalatiae in Kohgiluyeh and Gilan provinces and S. uberis which was common in all these provinces. The dominant species (based on important species index) were S. uberis, S. dysgalactiae and S. agalactiae, respectively.

Effects of salinity stress on Seed Reserves Depletion in basil (Ociumum basilicm L.) medicinal plant cultivars

1234-1238Full Text

H. Gholami Tilebeni*, H. Najafi Navaey, H. Eslami and R. Ali Nezhad Seraji

Abstract
The heterotrophic seedling growth can be considered as the product of three components: (1) initial seed weight, (2) the fraction of seed reserves which are mobilized, and (3) the conversion efficiency of mobilized seed reserves to seedling tissues. In order to consider impact of salinity stress on germination and heterotrophic seedling growth of basil (Ociumum basilicm L.) seedling, we did an experiment in 2011 year. Experimental treatment includes 4 levels of NaCl concentration (o, 50, 100 and 150 mM) and two basil cultivar (KESHKENI LUVELOU and VARAMIN) with 3 times repetitions. The results indicated that salinity stress results in decreased percentage and rate of germination and decreased percentage of normal seedlings. Seedling growth and the fraction of seed reserve mobilization indicated a significant decrease with the advance of salinity. However, the effect of salinity stress on the conversion efficiency of mobilized reserves to seedling tissues was not significant. Thus efforts to improve seedling germination and growth in plant breeding programs should focus on improvement of fraction of mobilized seed reserves.

An ecologic study on Bacillaphyta and Cyanophyta and compare before and after Mnemiopsis leidyi arrival in the Southern Caspian Sea

1239-1245Full Text

F.S. Tahami

Abstract
Phytoplankton are primarily structured by the water elements, influenced by light intensity, the diversity is different with north and middle of Caspian Sea. It is important to know about diversity, abundance and biomass of phytoplankton in this area, then for this study was done in southern par of Caspian Sea. All samples were taken during 1995-96 and 2006-2007 in 6 transects such as Lisar, Anzali, Sefidroud, Noushahr, Babolsar and Amirabad, respectively. The phytoplankton compositions were changed significantly with seasons (P<0.05). In comparison after Mnemiopsis leidyi arrival, phytoplankton species were increased. Totally 124 species were identified from 2 phylums such as Bacillariophyta and Cyanophyta were 91 and 33 species, respectively. At the present research, the most dominant group was Bacillariophyta and between all species and majority related to Thalassionema nitzchoide specie. Also, during this study, Cyabobacteria community in the Caspian Sea changed in different years and the maximum cell abundance and biomass observed in summer and Shannon-Weaver diversity index changed in this study. During 2006- 2007 (after M. leidyi arrival), the phytoplankton are shown significant changes in diversity at different seasons (P<0.05. The highest amounts of phytoplankton in southern part of Caspian Sea were Cyanophyta and Bacillariophyta phyla, respectively and According to statistical analysis, there was a significant change in seasonal cycle of Cyanophyta concentration. Because decreasing siliconate phytoplankton in the summer, Nodularia spumigena, of Cyanophytes, bloomed in 2005.